FIGURELESSNESS

a second major aspect to rendering is when figures are NOT used, at least directly, but rather the effects of humanity are portrayed - either as still life, or as part of scapes [landscapes, seascapes, spacescapes, and so forth]... it is only when no figures or human effects are used that there can become a problem... this is because this absence of humanity is making a value-judgment, an expression of a fundamental view of humanity that says that humanity is not considered important enough to be in a landscape, etc., or that his/her presence is not considered to be a natural part of the world... this is, of course, a profoundly anti-human notion - even if it is not given thought to as being as such, or not intended as such... once again, however, knowing the nature and proper purpose of Art, and the rational ethics behind the purpose, allows that there can be a defense against it... yet - even as landscape, a case can be made on the 'benevolent universe' premise, thru the use of metaphoric personification... this has to do with the fact that 'man is the measure of all things' - in the nature of acquiring knowledge, and this is because measurement is an anthropocentric [man centered] process... the concretes, the specific images which a person directly grasps, are the basis and the standard to which everything else is related... if you add to that, that 'Art is not the means to literal transcription', and recognise that there is little need, if any, for rendering in a recorder mode, then thru personification there can be a pro-human stance given utilizing the non-human in the rendering...